index

? operator 118, 407, 474

* (asterisk) 469

&str type 30 – 32, 128, 149 – 151, 189, 342, 434

#![no_std] attribute 269

#[cfg] attribute 269

#[deprecated] attribute 269

#[derive(Error)] attribute 360

#[derive] attribute 423

#[error] attribute 360

#[non_exhaustive] attribute 269, 449

Add trait 129, 421

and other similar traits 420 – 423

Add variant 299

AddAssign trait 422

adds_hungary function 41 – 42

.all() method 177, 234

allocating memory, const and static 33

.and_hms_opt() method 350

.and_then() method 175

.and() method 175 – 176

angle brackets 91

annotations. See lifetime annotations

anonymous functions 161 – 168

inside of methods 163 – 164

lazy and fast 164 – 167

anonymous lifetime 195 – 199

ansi_term crate 486

.any() method 177, 295

anyhow crate 357 – 360, 490

anyhow! macro 358

App struct 485, 490

.append() method 390

Arc (atomic reference counter) 233, 249 – 250, 252, 260

Args struct 382

args() method 383

argue_in_court() function 141

arguments 16, 466

closures as 234 – 244

example 242 – 244

relationship between FnOnce, FnMut, and Fn 239

simple closures 237 – 239

uniqueness of closures 240

arrays 53 – 55, 413 – 417

destructuring and mapping 414

implementing Iterator 413

using from_fn to make 415 – 417

.as_bytes() method 13

.as_micros() method 357

.as_nanos() method 357

AsRef trait 149 – 151

assert_eq! macro 123, 156, 289 – 290

assert_eq!() macro 416

assert_ne! macro 123

assert! macro 123, 290

Assign trait 422

associated items and associated constants 424 – 428

associated consts 427

associated functions 81, 425

associated types 158, 425

async block 406

async Rust 402 – 410

checking whether Future is ready 403

feature flags 399 – 402

other details about 407 – 410

using async runtime 405 – 407

async_trait crate 410

AsyncIterator trait 410

atomic types 249

AtomicI64 type 249

AtomicU64 type 249

attributes 81, 129, 265 – 271, 289, 360, 423, 449

available_parallelism() method 355

.await keyword 403, 405 – 406

axum_sessions crate 512

Backtrace struct 449

Backtrace::capture() function 447

backtraces 447 – 450

BacktraceStatus enum 449

.bark() method 131

BigBuffers struct 325

blanket trait implementations 33, 134, 341, 362 – 366

Block widget 493, 499

blocking Client (reqwest crate) 399

BookCollection struct 158 – 159

bounds, traits as 140 – 142

Box 261, 271 – 281

basics of 271 – 273

downcasting to concrete type 279 – 281

handling multiple error types 276 – 279

putting around traits 273 – 276

Box<dyn Error> 490

BTreeMap 107 – 108

Buffers struct 325

builder pattern 303, 307 – 314

adding final check to 309

builder methods 307

Deref 314 – 322

implementing 316

using wrong way 320 – 322

final check to 309

making more rigorous 313

writing builder methods 307

.by_ref() method 182

.capacity() method 57

Cargo 374 – 380

compiling with 376 – 380

reasons for using 374 – 376

cargo add command 380

cargo add reqwest command 399

cargo build --release 445

cargo build --timings command 380

cargo clean command 380

cargo clippy command 380

cargo doc 392 – 394

cargo new command 375

cargo run --release 445

Cargo.toml file and external crates 336

casting enums into integers 78

.ceil() method 423

cfg attribute 269

cfg! macro 458 – 460

chaining methods 153

.change_city_data() method 242, 244

channel() function 256

channels 256 – 260

implementing 257 – 260

char type 9, 417

characters 7 – 14

.chars() method 13, 295

.chars().count() method 13

check_book_type() function 213

check_guess() function 507

checked operations 419

.checked_ methods 420

.checked_add() method 419 – 420

.checked_div() method 419

.checked_mul() method 419

.checked_sub() method 317, 419

chrono crate 344 – 354, 495

checking code inside external crates 350

.chunks() method 183

ClearType enum 484

CLIs (command-line interfaces) 481

Clone trait 44, 92, 128

.clone() method 265

.cloned() method 182

cloning on write 215 – 219

closures 170 – 185, 233

as arguments 234 – 244

example 242 – 244

relationship between FnOnce, FnMut, and Fn 239

simple closures 237 – 239

uniqueness of closures 240

checking 177 – 180

filtering 170 – 173

finding items inside 177 – 180

inside iterators 161 – 168

inside of methods 161 – 168

lazy and fast 164 – 167

mapping 170 – 173

methods 174 – 185

related methods 174 – 185

keeping clean with macros 475 – 479

declaring variables 20

.collect() method 153, 156, 164, 414

collection types 53 – 60, 106 – 117

arrays 53 – 55

HashMap 107 – 108

.entry() method 110 – 113

tuples 58 – 60

vectors 55 – 58

column! macro 454

command-line arguments 382 – 385

command-line interfaces (CLIs) 481

comments 6 – 7

Company struct 170, 172

compare_and_display() function 94

complex examples 135 – 140

concrete &self 136

concurrency 251

const 33, 323 – 326

const functions 326 – 328, 366

mutable statics 328

const functions 326 – 328, 366

const generics 145, 324 – 326

const keyword 325

const values 324

control flow 60 – 70

loops 66 – 70

match statements 61 – 65

copy semantics 42

Copy trait 92, 128, 135

Copy types 28, 42 – 45, 51, 438

.count() method 13

Country struct 73, 421

Cow type 209, 215 – 219, 342

crates 283 – 289, 341

error handling 357 – 362

Anyhow 358 – 359

thiserror 360 – 362

external 335 – 339

and Cargo.toml 336

rolling dice with rand crate 337 – 339

using rand crate 336

Rayon 354 – 357

reqwest crate 397 – 399

time crate 344 – 349

.create_new() method 390

.create() method 390

CreationContext 513

Crossterm 481, 487

CString type 412, 434

curly brackets 253

.cycle() method 180

cycling 180 – 185

DateTime struct 495

dbg! macro 169, 472 – 473

Debug mode 377 – 378

Debug printing 22

Debug trait 92, 128, 132, 138, 363

.debug_struct() method 278

.dedup() method 430

Default trait 303

Deref 149, 190, 302 – 303, 314 – 322

implementing 316

using wrong way 320 – 322

implementing 304 – 306

.delete_book() function 212 – 213

deprecated attribute 270

dereferencing 36, 87

Deserialize attribute 342 – 343

Deserialize trait 489

.desired_width() method 524

destructuring 60, 83 – 87

destructuring arrays 414

directory and file navigator 520 – 527

developing code 522 – 524

further development and cleanup 524 – 526

setup and first code 521

DirectoryContent enum 527

Display printing 22

Display trait 92, 94, 132 – 135, 325, 478

.display_self() method 138 – 139

DivAssign trait 422

diverging code 103

.do_operation() method 300

doc comments (documentation comments) 7

cargo doc 392 – 394

reading 262 – 271

[src] button 264

attributes 265 – 271

dot operator 87

.downcast_mut() method 279

.downcast_ref() method 279, 281, 444

.downcast() method 279

downcasting 279

.drain() method 431

.draw() method 493

drop() function 206, 273, 431, 437 – 438

.duration_since() method 348

dyn keyword 275

dynamic dispatch 275

dynamically sized types 31, 216

eframe crate 513

eframe::run_native() method 513

egui web demo 520

.elapsed() method 346, 355

.entry() method 110 – 113

.enumerate() method 164, 167

enums 72 – 83

casting into integers 78

implementing 81 – 83

using multiple types 79

env_logger crate 387

environment variables 385 – 387

error attribute 360

error handling 106, 357 – 362

Anyhow 358 – 359

panic hooks 442 – 447

panic! macro 122 – 126

thiserror 360 – 362

Error trait 444

ErrorKind enum 358

escape characters 46

.escape_unicode() method 417

Event enum 482, 501

exclusive range 55

execute! macro 484

Expand button 470

.expect() method 124 – 125, 289

extern crate 451

external crates 323, 335 – 339

and Cargo.toml 336

rolling dice with rand crate 337 – 339

using rand crate 336

ExternalCrateError variant 363

fast closures 164 – 167

fastrand::bool() method 516

feature flags 399 – 402

ffi (foreign function interface) 434

File struct 314

File type 147 – 149

.file_name() method 521

.file_type() method 521

File::create() method 389

File::options() method 390, 392

file! macro 454, 473

files 388 – 392

opening existing 389

OpenOptions 389 – 392

.filter_map() method 170

.filter() method 170, 434

filtering 170 – 173

.find() method 179

.flatten() method 176

.floor() method 423

.fmt() method 265, 276

fn pointers 327

Fn trait 239, 260

FnMut trait 239, 260

FnOnce trait 229, 231, 239, 260

.fold() method 180, 424

folding 180 – 185

.for_each() method 156, 163, 180

format_args! macro 471

format! macro 32, 360

.format() method 495

formating alignment 49

fragment specifiers 467

French trait 143

From trait 33, 128, 145 – 147, 417

from_fn() method 412, 415 – 417

from_str() method 343

from_utf8() method 101

from_ymd_opt() method 350

from_ymd() method 350

from() method 265

importing and renaming inside 210

lifetimes in 191

functions.rs file 288

Future trait 398, 402

checking whether Future is ready 403

futures crate 410

futures_concurrency crate 410

generics 90 – 95, 233, 324

impl Trait 244 – 248

regular generics compared to 244 – 246

returning closures with 246 – 248

Option and Result 95 – 105

.get_article() method 490

.get_book() function 212 – 213

get_res_from_static() function 509

.get() method 102, 175, 265, 369, 397

give_eight() function 326

gives_higher() function 245

GivesOne struct 161

glob operator 286

GLOBAL_LOGGER 366, 370

graphical user interfaces (GUIs) 481

green threads 225

HashMap 107 – 108

.entry() method 110 – 113

Hello, World! example 16 – 20

helper functions 499

hms (hour minutes seconds) 350

if let 102, 482

if let syntax 527

immutable references 50

imperative style 153

impl block 81, 148

impl Experienced 141

impl keyword 81, 129

impl Lawyer 141

impl Trait 233, 244 – 248, 260

regular generics compared to 244 – 246

returning closures with 246 – 248

include_str! macro 391

inclusive range 55

incremental compilation 376

inner attribute 266

.insert(key, value) method 107

Instant struct 495

Instant::now() function 345

integers 7 – 14, 419 – 423

Add trait and other similar traits 420 – 423

checked operations 419

interior mutability 189, 199 – 208

Mutex 204 – 206

RefCell 201 – 204

into_borrowed method 217

.into_iter() method 154, 156, 355

into_owned method 217

.into_string() method 434

.into() method 33, 58

IntoIterator 383

IntoUrl trait 397

io::Result<DirEntry> 521

.is_alphabetic() method 177

.is_none() method 98

.is_some() method 98

Item associated type 157

.iter_mut() method 154, 156, 355

.iter() method 154, 355, 413

Iterator trait 157 – 158, 161

Iterator, arrays implementing 413

iterators 154 – 161, 170 – 185

chaining methods 153

checking 177 – 180

checking and finding items inside 177 – 180

lazy and fast 164 – 167

closures inside 161 – 168

cycling 180 – 185

filtering 170 – 173

finding items inside 177 – 180

folding 180 – 185

mapping 170 – 173

methods 174 – 185

zipping 180 – 185

.join() method 227, 253

JoinHandle 226 – 227

just_makes_an_i32() function 58

KeyEvent struct 482 – 483

KoreaJapanUserEvent struct 353

largest numbers 23

laser pointer project 512 – 520

developing code 515 – 517

further development and cleanup 517 – 520

setup and first code 512 – 514

LawyerSkill trait 143

lazy_static crate 341, 366 – 371, 456

overview 366 – 368

lazy_static! macro 367, 456

len_utf() method 418

.len() method 12

lenient language spouse 3

let keyword 20, 25

lib.rs file 288

Library struct 158

LifetimeParam 324

lifetimes 189, 324

annotations 190 – 199

in functions 191

in types 192 – 195

anonymous lifetime 195 – 199

interior mutability 199 – 208

line! macro 454, 473

LocalKey type 458

.lock() method 398

Logger struct 367, 369

loops 66 – 70

macros 437, 461

keeping code clean with 475 – 479

reading from standard library 470 – 475

reasons for 462

standard library 451 – 460

cfg! macro 458 – 460

column! macro 454

file! macro 454

line! macro 454

macro_rules! macro 463

matches! macro 474

module_path! macro 454

thread_local! macro 456 – 458

unreachable! macro 452 – 454

todo! macro 212 – 214

writing 463 – 470

main.rs file 288

main() function 16, 514

main() method 369

.make_book() function 214

make_fear_closure() function 247

.map_while() method 182

.map() method 156, 170, 174, 414 – 415

mapping 170 – 173

mapping arrays 414

match keyword 52, 101

match statements 61 – 65

.match_indices() method 183

math() function 294 – 296

.max() method 424

maximum length 49

MedicalSkill trait 143

mem module 12, 437

mem::drop() function 438

mem::take() function 446 – 447

memory 28 – 30

const and static 33

Copy types 42 – 45

std::mem module 437 – 442

strings 30 – 33

memory allocation 34

.metadata() method 521

method chaining 152

method signatures 131 – 135

closures inside 163 – 164

ending in _unchecked 334

.min_width() method 524

.min() method 424

minimum length 49

mod city module 286

mod country module 286

mod keyword 288, 293

mod province module 286

modules 283 – 289

modules inside modules 286 – 289

pub keyword 285

monomorphism 377

MonsterBehavior trait 138

move keyword 229 – 231

move semantics 42

MulAssign trait 422

interior 199 – 208

Mutex 204 – 206

RefCell 201 – 204

static mut 331 – 332

mutable references 35 – 38, 50

only immutable references 37

only one mutable reference 37

problem situation 37

mutable statics 328

Mutex 204 – 206, 250, 254

Mutex<String> 367

my_number as char problem 10

Naive types 350

$name, ident identifier 469

newtypes 147 – 149

NewUserRequest struct 343

.next() method 156 – 157, 159, 265

num_bigint crate 420

num_to_parse String 296

numbers, smallest and largest 23

.ok_or_else() method 172 – 173

.ok_or() method 172

.ok() method 170 – 172, 175

OKAY_CHARACTERS const 295

once_cell crate 341, 366, 368 – 371

lazy_static 366 – 368

OnceCell 369 – 371

OnceCell::new() method 369

open_file() function 458

open() method 389

OpenOptions 389 – 392

OpenOptions struct 390

Operation enum 299

Option 90, 95 – 105, 156, 174, 438

options() method 390

_or_else methods 172

.or_insert() method 110 – 111

orphan rule 147 – 149

outer attribute 266

Output type 403

references to functions 38 – 42

padding characters 49

panic hooks 437, 442 – 447

panic! macro 122 – 126, 289, 442 – 443

PanicInfo struct 443 – 444

par_chars() method 355

par_into_iter() method 355

par_iter_mut() method 355

par_iter() method 355

Paragraph widget 493

parse_and_log_str() function 118

parse_int() function 120

.parse() method 104, 122, 172

PartialEq trait 422

PartialOrd trait 94, 422

.path() method 521

pattern matching 98

Pattern trait 184

.payload() method 444

.peekable() method 184

pointer address 48

pointer_hover_pos() method 516

pointers 29 – 30

poll() method 403, 496

polymorphic functions 377

.pop() method 159, 433, 522

lazy_static and once_cell 366 – 371

serde crate 342 – 344

Pos2 struct 515

Position struct 133

.position() method 179

prelude section 211

prelude, standard library 450

pretty printing 22

primitive types 7 – 14

print_all_three_things() function 122

print_country() function 39 – 40

print_item() function 92

print_names() method 85

print_number() function 43

print_things module 283

printing 16 – 20, 22, 46 – 51

println! macro 231, 471

prints_country() function 43 – 44

process_city_values() function 84

Programming Rust 461

prototyping 212

pub keyword 149, 285

.push_str() method 509

.push() method 56, 522

qualifications, traits as 142

Quantity type 319

rolling dice with 337 – 339

rand keyword 374

RangeInclusive struct 515

ratatui crate 492, 501, 512

Rayon crate 341, 354 – 357

Rc (reference counter) 219 – 225, 250

avoiding lifetime annotations with 223 – 225

using in practice 220 – 223

why Rc exists 219

.read_line() method 380

read_to_string() method 389, 483

.read() method 390, 481

reading documentation 262 – 271

[src] button 264

attributes 265 – 271

Rect struct 515

.recv() method 258 – 259

RefCell 201 – 204

reference cycle 222

references 30, 34, 87

mutable references 35 – 38

only immutable references 37

only one mutable reference 37

problem situation 37

to functions 38 – 42

--release part 380

.render_widget() method 493

.replace() function 439

request_repaint() method 517

RequestBuilder struct 397

reqwest crate 366, 371, 397 – 399, 401 – 402, 406

reqwest::Client 366

Response struct 401

Result enum 90, 95 – 105, 174

retain() method 434

return_item() function 91

.rev() method 178

RichText struct 522

.round() method 423

run_native() method 514

.run() method 131

backtraces 447 – 450

files 388 – 392

opening existing 389

OpenOptions 389 – 392

accessing command-line arguments 382 – 385

accessing environment variables 385 – 387

on computer 373

through stdin 380 – 382

working with user input 380 – 387

overview of 2 – 6

unsafe Rust 329 – 335

methods ending in _unchecked 334

overview of 329

transmute() function 332 – 334

using static mut in 331 – 332

rustc compiler 374

Rustonomicon, The 330

scoped threads 253, 256

screen_rect() method 516, 524

select! macro 408

self keyword 71

.send() method 257 – 258

serde crate 341 – 344, 488

serde_json crate 343, 488

serde_json::from_str() function 489

serde_yaml crate 343

Serialize attribute 342 – 343

.serve() method 505

set_hook() method 443

set_var() method 291, 387

.set() method 369

shadowing 25 – 27

short circuit 178

shrink_to_fit() method 433

size_of_val() function 31, 437

size_of() function 12, 437

skinny arrow 18

.skip_while() method 182

.skip() method 383

sleep() function 407

smallest numbers 23

.sort_unstable() method 430

.sort() method 430

spawn() function 226 – 227, 229, 231, 351

specialized definition 377

.split_at_mut() method 431

.split_at() method 431

src/main.rs 122

stack 28 – 30

standard library 412, 437

arrays 413 – 417

destructuring and mapping 414

implementing Iterator 413

using from_fn() to make 415 – 417

associated items and associated constants 424 – 428

integers 419 – 423

Add trait and other similar traits 420 – 423

checked operations 419

macros 451 – 460

cfg! macro 458 – 460

column! macro 454

file! macro 454

line! macro 454

module_path! macro 454

thread_local! macro 456 – 458

unreachable! macro 452 – 454

panic hooks 442 – 447

reading macros from 470 – 475

String 432 – 434

time crate 344 – 349

.start() method 507

static methods 81

static mut 331 – 332

statics, mutable 328

status() method 449

std library 437

std::backtrace module 447

std::cell::OnceCell 370

std::cmp::max() function 424

std::cmp::min() function 424

std::env::args() method 382

std::env::set_var() function 292, 386

std::env::var() function 291

std::env::vars() function 385

std::ffi module 434

std::fs module 388 – 389

std::fs::read_dir() function 521

std::fs::write() function 388

std::io module 382

std::io::Write trait 388

std::mem module 12, 437 – 442

std::mem::size_of_val() function 78

std::ops::Add 129

std::panic module 442

std::sync::mpsc 256

std::sync::OnceLock 370

std::thread module 355

std::thread::sleep() function 348

std::thread::spawn() function 225

std::time module 344

Stdin struct 380

stdin() function 380

Stopwatch struct 496

Stream trait 410

strict Rust spouse 3

string slice 30

String type 30, 32 – 33, 128, 148 – 151, 342, 434

String::from_utf8() method 121 – 122

String::new() method 507

String::with_capacity() method 432

strings 7 – 14, 30 – 33

strong_count() method 221

structs 72 – 83

implementing 81 – 83

Sub<Instant> 345

SubAssign trait 422

Subtract variant 299

Subtractor struct 294

.sum() method 182

.swap() function 438 – 439

SystemError enum 363

SystemTime struct 347

.take_damage() method 138 – 139

take_fifth() function 99

.take_guess() method 509

take_hook() method 446

.take_while() method 182

take() function 438, 440 – 441

.take() method 153, 160, 182

terminal stopwatch and clock 492 – 502

developing code 495 – 498

further development and cleanup 499

setup and first code 492 – 494

test-driven development (TDD) 282, 293 – 302

building calculator 294 – 296

putting calculator together 296 – 302

testing 282, 289 – 293

and test-driven development 293 – 302

modules 283 – 289

modules inside modules 286 – 289

pub keyword 285

when tests fail 290 – 292

writing multiple tests 292

.then_some() method 412, 429

.then() method 429

thiserror crate 341, 360 – 362

thread_local! macro 456 – 458

thread::scope() method 254

thread::spawn() method 351

threads 209, 225 – 233

cloning on write 215 – 219

move keyword 230

spawning 225 – 227

type aliases 214

types of closures 229

waiting for to finish 227 – 229

time crate 344 – 349

time module 341

TimeOfDay enum 247

.to_digit() method 346

.to_string() method 134, 364

todo! macro 212 – 214, 471

token parser 463

ToOwned trait 216

ToString trait 134 – 135, 364

trait bounds 137, 327

Trait Implementations 42 – 43

trait objects 242, 277

traits 128 – 145

as bounds 140 – 142

as qualifications 142

AsRef trait 149 – 151

blanket trait implementations 362 – 366

From trait 145 – 147

information on 265

method signatures 131 – 135

more complex examples 135 – 140

orphan rule 147 – 149

putting Box around 273 – 276

transferring ownership 50

transmute() function 332 – 335

.trim_end_matches() method 297

.trim_left_matches() method 297

.trim_right_matches() method 297

.trim_start_matches() method 297

.trim() method 381

.trunc() method 423

.truncate() method 390

try_join! macro 409

.try_lock() method 206

.try_recv() method 258

TryFrom trait 476, 478

tt (token tree) 468

TUI (text- or terminal-based user interface) 492

tuples 58 – 60

type aliases 214

type erasure 277

type inference 14

building 71 – 88

destructuring 83 – 87

dot operator 87

See also enums; structs

collection types 53 – 60

arrays 53 – 55

tuples 58 – 60

vectors 55 – 58

control flow 60 – 70

loops 66 – 70

match statements 61 – 65

Copy types 42 – 45

lifetime annotations in 192 – 195

more complex 52

traits 128 – 145

using multiple 79

typing tutor 481 – 487

developing code 482 – 484

further development and cleanup 484

ideas for further development 486

setup and first code 481

unfinished projects 480, 503

directory and file navigator 520 – 527

developing code 522 – 524

further development and cleanup 524 – 526

setup and first code 521

terminal stopwatch and clock 492 – 502

developing code 495 – 498

further development and cleanup 499

setup and first code 492 – 494

Wikipedia article summary searcher 487 – 492

developing code 488

further development and cleanup 490

setup and first code 487

word-guessing game 504 – 512

developing code 506 – 509

further development and cleanup 509 – 512

setup and first code 504 – 506

UNIX_EPOCH const 347

unreachable! macro 452 – 454

unsafe keyword 329 – 330

unsafe Rust 323, 329 – 335

methods ending in _unchecked 334

overview of 329

transmute() function 332 – 334

using static mut in 331 – 332

unwrap method 122 – 126

.unwrap_err() method 361

.unwrap_or_default() method 306

.unwrap_or_else() method 163, 172

.unwrap_or() method 163, 172

.unwrap() method 97, 257, 289, 435, 485, 490, 523

.update() method 265, 513, 517

use keyword 77 – 78

use of moved value 39

use statement 252, 451

user input 380 – 387

accessing command-line arguments 382 – 385

accessing environment variables 385 – 387

through stdin 380 – 382

UserName(String type) 342

values, variables without 45

var() method 387

variable names 49

Vec type 55 – 56, 147, 227, 412, 430 – 432

Vec::new() method 507

Vec::with_capacity() method 57

Vec2 struct 515

vectors 55 – 58

word-guessing game 504 – 512

developing code 506 – 509

further development and cleanup 509 – 512

setup and first code 504 – 506

where keyword 94

_while methods 182

Wikipedia article summary searcher 487 – 492

developing code 488

further development and cleanup 490

setup and first code 487

.windows() method 183

.with_state() method 509, 512

.with() method 456

word-guessing game 504 – 512

developing code 506 – 509

further development and cleanup 509 – 512

setup and first code 504 – 506

.write_all() method 388

write_fmt() method 471

write! macro 133, 390, 470

.write() method 390

ymd (year month day) 350

zero-cost abstractions 166

.zip() method 166, 180

zipping 180 – 185